Sacred Valley of the Incas
This is my favorite place in all of Peru. The Sacred Valley has incredible Inca and pre-Inca archeological sites, cute little towns, wildlife and so much local culture and color. The main part of the valley starts in Pisac on the eastern end and runs west to Ollantaytambo at the opposite end.
Pisac is about half an hour northeast of Cusco. Ollantaytambo, at the far end is about an hour and a half northwest of Cusco. You can get to Urubamba in the middle of the Sacred Valley from Cusco by going up and over a plateau where the town of Chinchero lies.
Transport
The most common way to travel through the Sacred Valley is by shared vans called colectivo. They are very cheap, anywhere from s/2 to s/7 between towns. They function like a bus system and each town has its own paradero or bus stop. Tell people where you want to go, because larger towns have more than one paradero.